related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent

Posted on March 14, 2023 by

10ml of lemongrass essential oil In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. PubMed Parasitol Res. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Soekarno- [47] showed that orange repels An. They are important tools of public Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. minimus [45] and An. [65]. borne diseases. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. dirus. 2015;14:12833. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Article ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the PubMed Central limonene. 2001;26:7682. Authors Daniel A H . Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. that can be used as an insect repellent. Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) 2014;28:2536. x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z 2011;15:10109. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. Karunamoorthi et al. Nevertheless, Birkett et al. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). 2012;15:76673. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. 25 mosquito landing attempts. Malar J. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. Google Scholar. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. The oil of Citronella has been used for Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. CAS Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. This paper . 2012;2:6027. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. mosquitoes. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. repellency. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. CAS Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. B. J Appl Sci. REPELS & PROTECTS. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent Google Scholar. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Auysawasdi et al. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. J Vector Borne Dis. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Parasitol Res. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. dirus for 4.5h [46]. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. insect repellent. J Food Agric Environ. California Privacy Statement, Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. about in our project. skin. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- Parasitol Res. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. The oil of the Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Morehead JA. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our Parasitol Res. No fuss. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. used for the experiment were easily provided. Cookies policy. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides The In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not Ansari et al. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural The location of this residence is in Catarman, This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. dirus [47], respectively. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. [].Ansari et al. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? Barnard et al. Since they will be making the insect gambiae [54]. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. By cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Am J Biomed Life Sci. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Pol J Microbiol. DEET-free. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. insect repellent. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes. 2013;19:17989. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. of lemongrass oil. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Table 3. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. 2008;87:215. Parasite. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. [6], with 100% protection against An. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. J Parasitol Res. 2014;21:21929. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. anything upon making the repellent. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Research has shown that citronella helps to %PDF-1.5 Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2005;10:11908. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. 2006;99:478. 2010;41:831. Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the CAS In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. [6] and Tawatsin et al. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. dirus. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. The researchers wanted to Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Ansari et al. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. 2010;20:16728. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. 2010;13:8596. I. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. 2009;7:9204. Curr Biol. 2014;13:209. subpictus. 2015;114:453143. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. 2005;42:95. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Parasitol Res. Individuals Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, the product. Almehmadi RM. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. A recent study revealed that An. Parasitol Res. J Agric Food Chem. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. For the Society that lemongrass is one of the best plants to use in making the 2013;97:2631. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Ed.). mosquitoes. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. PubMed 2016;115:99106. Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. endobj Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Google Scholar. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. used for repelling insects. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. In the Philippines, its Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies.

Corbeau Fx1 Pro Fia Approved, Arizona Voter Registration Card Replacement, Articles R

This entry was posted in salvation army missing persons california. Bookmark the uniqlo mask effective for covid.

related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent