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That's just not my thing. It has not. But within the course of a week -- coincidence problem -- Vikram Duvvuri, who was a graduate student in Chicago, knocked on my door, and said, "Has anyone ever thought of taking R and adding one over R to the Lagrangian for gravity and seeing what would happen?" You can come here, and it'll be a trial run to see if you fit in, and where you fit in the best." It was a summer school in Italy. At Caltech, as much as I love it, I'm on the fourth floor in the particle theory group, and I almost never visit the astronomers. We learned Fortran, the programming language back then. So, I wrote very short chapters. You get one quarter off from teaching every year. So, to say, well, here's the approach, and this is what we should do, that's the only mistake I think you can make. Steven Morrow, my editor who published From Eternity to Here, called me up and said, "The world needs a book on the Higgs boson. And she had put her finger on it quite accurately, because already, by then, by 2006, I had grown kind of tired of the whole dark energy thing. Their adversaries were Eben Alexander, neurosurgeon and an author, and Raymond Moody, a philosopher, author, psychologist and physician. For similar reasons as the accelerating universe is the first most important thing, because even though we can explain them -- they're not in violation of our theories -- both results, the universe is accelerating, we haven't seen new particles from the LHC, both results are flying in the face of our expectations in some way. [37] I'm an atheist. I played a big role in the physics frontier center we got at Chicago. Three, tell people about it. But clearly it is interesting since everyone -- yeah. That's not all of it. I think, they're businesspeople. No one had quite put that together in a definitive statement yet. So, it was a coin flip, and George was assigned to me, and invited me to his office and said, "What do you want to do?" Carroll claimed BGV theorem does not imply the universe had a beginning. In 2012, he gathered a number of well-known academics from a variety of backgrounds for a three-day seminar titled "Moving Naturalism Forward". Sean Carroll: I'm not in a super firm position, cause I don't have tenure at Caltech, so, but I don't care either. But I wanted to come back to the question of class -- working class, middle class. Or other things. I wonder, for you, that you might not have had that scholarly baggage, if it was easier for you to just sort of jump right in, and say Zoom is the way to do it. So, these days, obviously, all of my podcasts interviews have been remote, but I'm thinking most of them are just going to continue to be that way going forward. . So, the Quantum Field Theory on Which the Everyday World Supervenes means you and I and the tables and chairs around us, the lights behind you, the computers we're talking on, supervene on a particular theory of the world at one level, at the quantum field theory level. Where are the equations I can solve? So, no imaginable scenario, like you said before, your career track has zigged and zagged in all kinds of unexpected ways, but there's probably no scenario where you would have pursued an academic career where you were doing really important, really good, really fundamental work, but work that was generally not known to 99.99% of the population out there. It was clear that there was an army that was marching toward a goal, and they did it. As long as I was at Chicago, I was the group leader of the theory group in the cosmological physics center. I still do it sometimes, but mostly it's been professionalized and turned into journalism, or it's just become Twitter or Facebook. I had it. You could actually admit it, and if people said, what are your religious beliefs? And you'd think that's a good thing, but it's really not on the physics job market. I am a Research Professor of Physics at Caltech, where I have been since 2006. What is it that you are really passionate about right now?" I taught what was called a big picture course. I wonder, in what ways, given the fact that you have this tremendous time spending with all these really smart people talking about all these great ideas, in what ways do you bring those ideas back to your science, back to the Caltech, back to the pen and paper? This is also the time when the Department of Energy is starting to fully embrace astrophysics, and to a lesser extent, cosmology, at the National Laboratories. Not only do we have a theory that fits all the data, but we also dont even have a prediction for that theory that we haven't tested yet. First, on the textbook, what was the gap in general relativity that you saw that necessitated a graduate-level textbook? That's actually a whole other conversation that could go on for hours about the specifics of the way the media works. You know the answer to that." That's it. But yeah, in fact, let me say a little bit extra. [11], He has appeared on the History Channel's The Universe, Science Channel's Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman, Closer to Truth (broadcast on PBS),[12] and Comedy Central's The Colbert Report. Cole. Susan Cain wrote this wonderful book on introverts that really caught on and really clarified a lot of things for people. In part, that is just because of my sort of fundamentalist, big picture, philosophical inclinations that I want to get past the details of the particular experiment to the fundamental underlying lessons that we learned from them. In that short period of time he was even granted tenure. Eventually I figured it out, and honestly, I didn't even really appreciate that going to Villanova would be any different than going to Harvard. Being a string theorist seemed to be a yes or no proposition. Both are okay in their different slots, depending on the needs of the institution at the time, but I think that a lot of times the committees choosing the people don't take this into consideration as much as they should. To go back to the question of exuberance and navet and not really caring about what other people are thinking, to what extent did you have strong opinions one way or another about the culture of promoting from within at Chicago? Also in 2014, Carroll partook in a debate held by Intelligence Squared, the title of the debate was "Death is Not Final". The unions were anathema. So, he was right, and I'm learning this as I study and try to write papers on complexity. You don't get paid for doing it. Mr. Tompkins, and One Two Three Infinity was one of the books that I read when I was in high school. We did not give them nearly enough time to catch their breath and synthesize things. I had great professors at Villanova, but most of the students weren't that into the life of the mind. Why is the matter density of the universe approximately similar to the dark energy density, .3 and .7, even though they change rapidly with respect to each other? Now, the high impact research papers that you knew you had written, but unfortunately, your senior colleagues did not, at the University of Chicago, what were you working on at this point? And the simplest way to do that is what's called the curvature scalar. So, that's one of the things you walk into as a person who tries to be interdisciplinary. Because I know, if you're working with Mark Wise, my colleague, and you're a graduate student, it's just like me working with George Field. "The substance of what you're saying is really good, but you're so bad at delivering it. When you come up for tenure, the prevailing emotion is one of worry. 1.21 If such a state did not have a beginning, it would produce classical spacetime either from eternity or not at all. It also revealed a lot about the character of my colleagues: some avoiding me as if I had a contagious disease, others offering warm, friendly hands. Not necessarily because they were all bookish. You really, really need scientists or scholars who care enough about academia to help organize it, and help it work, and start centers and institutes, and blaze new trails for departments. Alan and Eddie, of course, had been collaborators for a long time before that. On that note, as a matter of bandwidth, do you ever feel a pull, or are you ever frustrated, given all of your activities and responsibilities, that you're not doing more in the academic specialty where you're most at home? That's all it is. The headline on this post is stupid insofar as neither was "doubting" Darwin. In other words, let's say you went to law school, and you would now have a podcast in an alternate [universe] or a multiverse, on innovation, or something like that. But Villanova offered me full tuition, and it was closer, so the cost of living would be less. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara[16] and as an assistant professor at the University of Chicago until 2006 when he was denied tenure. I think so, but I think it's even an exaggeration to say that Harvard or Stanford don't give people tenure, therefore it's not that bad. So, his response was to basically make me an offer I couldn't refuse in terms of the financial reward that would be accompanying writing this book. There were some hints, and I could even give you another autobiographical anecdote. I had done a postdoc for six years, and assistant professor for six by the time I was rejected for tenure. Do you see this as all one big enterprise with different media, or are they essentially different activities with different goals in mind? We'll measure it." No, not really. Literally, "We're giving it to you because we think you're good. What happened was between the beginning of my first postdoc and the end of my first postdoc, in cosmology, all the good theorists were working on the cosmic microwave background, and in particle physics, all the good theorists were working on dualities in one form or another, or string theory, or whatever. It just never occurred to me that that would be a strike against me, but apparently it was a huge strike against me. But in the books I write, in the podcasts I do, in the blog or whatever, I'm not just explaining things or even primarily explaining things. There are dualists, people who think there's the physical world and the non-physical world. Now, was this a unique position that Caltech tailored for you, given what you wanted to do in this next role? I did also apply, at the same time, for faculty jobs, and I got an offer from the University of Virginia. His article "Does the Universe Need God?" They met every six months while you were a graduate student, after you had passed your second-year exam. Coincidentally, Wilson's preferred replacement for Carroll was reportedly Sean Payton, who had recently resigned from his role as the head coach of the New Orleans Saints.Almost a year later . Then, of course, Brian and his team helped measure the value of omega by discovering the accelerating universe. So, if you've given them any excuse to think that you will do things other than top-flight research by their lights, they're afraid to keep you on. So, I audited way more classes, and in particular, math classes. Past tenure cases have been filed over such reasons as contractual issues, gender discrimination, race discrimination, fraud, defamation and more. Like I said, we had hired great postdocs there. Sidney Coleman, in the physics department, and done a lot of interesting work on topology and gauge theories. It was Mark Trodden who was telling me a story about you. During this migration, the following fields associated with interviews may be incomplete: Institutions, Additional Persons, and Subjects. More importantly, if there is some standard of productivity in your field, try to maintain it all the time. Who hasn't written one, really? I got a lot of books on astronomy. But I don't know what started it. Everyone sort of nods along and puts up with it and waits for the next equation to come on. You're just too old for that. www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/XXXX, American Association of Physicists in Medicine, AVS: Science & Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing. I had done that for a while, and I have a short attention span, and I moved on. Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, how to scientists make decisions about theories, and so forth? We knew he's going pass." So, he won the Nobel Prize, but I won that little bottle of port. The wonderful thing about it was that the boundaries were a little bit fuzzy. So, late 1997, Phil Lubin, who was an astronomy professor at Santa Barbara, organized a workshop at KITP on measuring cosmological parameters with the cosmic microwave background. I have graduate students, I can teach courses when I want to, I apply for grants, I write papers. Did you do that self-consciously? Perhaps, to get back to an earlier comment about some of the things that are problematic about academic faculty positions, as you say, yes, sometimes there is a positive benefit to trends, but on the other hand, when you're establishing yourself for an academic career, that's a career that if all goes well will last for many, many decades where trends come and go. It might fail, and I always try to say that very explicitly. Again, stuff that has not been that useful to me, but I just loved it so much, as well as philosophy and literature classes at Harvard. It's also self-serving for me to say that, yes. Yeah, and being at Caltech, you have access to some of the very best graduate students that are out there. In particular, there was a song by Emerson, Lake & Palmer called The Only Way, which was very avowedly atheist. Recent Books. He wrote the paper where they actually announced the result. I didn't really want to live there. It will never be the largest. We were expecting it to be in November, and my book would have been out. What about minus 1.1? The astronomy department was just better than the physics department at that time. So, I said that, and she goes, "Well, propose that as a book. Like I aspire to do, he was actually doing. In fact, Jeffrey West, who is a former particle physicist who's now at the Santa Fe Institute, has studied this phenomenon quantitatively. And also, of course, when I'm on with a theoretical physicist, I'm trying to have a conversation at a level that people can access. Like, here's the galaxy, weigh it, put it on a scale. A video of the debate can be seen here. On the point of not having quantum field theory as an undergraduate, I wonder, among your cohort, if you felt that you stuck out, like a more working class kid who went to Villanova, and that was very much not the profile of your fellow graduate students. Intellectually, do you tend to segregate out your accomplishments as an academic scientist from your accomplishments as a public intellectual, or it is one big continuum for you? I wrote papers that were hugely cited and very influential. It's hard for me to imagine that I would do that. It's said that the clock is always ticking, but there's a chance that it isn't. The theory of "presentism" states that the current moment is the only thing t. You should not let w be less than minus one." In my book, The Big Picture, I suggested this metaphor of what I called planets of belief. His recent posting on the matter (at . All of which is to say, once I got to Caltech, I did start working in broadening myself, but it was slow, and it wasn't my job. So, I thought, well, okay, I was on a bunch of shortlists. But exactly because the Standard Model and general relativity are so successful, we have exactly the equation -- they're not just good ideas. This morning Wilson responded to a report in the Athletic that said he asked the organization to fire both head coach Pete Carroll and general manager John Schneider last offseason. So, that would happen. Please contact us for information about accessing these materials.
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