ncbi taxonomy ontology

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For the past 11 years, PubChem has grown to a sizable system, serving as a chemical information resource for the scientific research community. It has a role as a cofactor. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help PubChem also hosts data from important regulatory agencies. The ChEMBL bioactivity database: an update. PubChem: a public information system for analyzing bioactivities of small molecules. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Although this service itself can process only a single structure at a time, one may process multiple structures by submitting multiple Standardization service requests programmatically through the Power User Gateway (PUG), PUG-SOAP or PUG-REST (21) (discussed later in the Programmatic Access section). SID, CID and AID are the identifiers for the Substance, Compound and BioAssay databases, respectively. ID from GEO Platform, SAGE tag, Affy ProbeSet ID, Find profiles for Affymetrix probeset ID 218973_at, The maximum value percentile rank for any Sample within DataSet, Find profiles where the maximum rank percentile is in the 1st percentile (ie, genes with low expression), The minimum value percentile rank for any Sample within DataSet, Find profiles where the minimum rank percentile is in the 100th percentile (ie, highly expressed genes), Find profiles with between 100 and 200 samples, Platform reporter type used for annotation, Find profiles where a CLONE ID is the basis for annotation, Percentile rank of profile standard deviation compared to all other profiles in a DataSet, Find profiles with a high level of standard deviation, Find profiles that include a probe corresponding to Arg1, Find profiles with log ratio sample values. "Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information". Fu G., Batchelor C., Dumontier M., Hastings J., Willighagen E., Bolton E. PubChemRDF: towards the semantic annotation of PubChem compound and substance databases. Gene Ontology (GO) , GOGO term, GO term is_apart_ofregulates, regulation of cell projection assemblyregulation of cell projection organizationis_aregulatescell projection assemblycellular component assemblycelluar component biogenesispart_of, swiss-prot BLAST blastp blastx BLAST BLAST , c49_g1_i1 RNF13_MOUSE 52.00 50 23 1 17 166 240 288 2e-11 65.5, c72_g1_i1 RS25_NEUCR 78.72 94 20 0 375 94 1 94 1e-32 116, c75_g1_i1 POLX_TOBAC 45.28 53 29 0 162 4 457 509 1e-08 55.1, c86_g2_i1 POLX_TOBAC 46.43 112 60 0 339 4 879 990 2e-30 120, c91_g1_i1 BUB1_ARATH 55.71 70 28 2 61 264 289 357 1e-14 73.6, c143_g1_i1 STL1_YEAST 31.98 172 85 4 6 518 407 547 6e-17 82.8, c150_g1_i1 CST26_YEAST 37.63 93 38 3 223 5 142 234 6e-10 58.2, c150_g2_i1 YHOE_SCHPO 42.67 75 41 1 227 3 54 126 5e-16 74.7, c156_g2_i1 EXOL2_ARATH 47.17 53 28 0 299 141 229 281 6e-06 47.0, c169_g1_i1 SPT5_ASPFU 60.98 82 31 1 20 262 725 806 2e-18 84.0, swiss-prot IDUniProtKB ID, ftp://ftp.pir.georgetown.edu/databases/idmapping idmapping.tb.gz 22 tab , Q6GZX4 001R_FRG3G 2947773 YP_031579.1 81941549; 49237298 PF04947 GO:0006355; GO:0046782; GO:0006351 UniRef100_Q6GZX4 UniRef90_Q6GZX4 UniRef50_Q6GZX4 UPI00003B0FD4 654924 15165820 AY548484 AAT09660.1, idmapping.tb.gz blast UniProtKB ID GO , python UniProt2GO_annotate.py idmapping.tb.gz blastout outputfile, c93619_g2_i1 GO:0005506,GO:0016705,GO:0016021,GO:0004497,GO:0020037, c93619_g2_i3 GO:0009733,GO:0020037,GO:0044550,GO:0016021,GO:0016020,GO:0016711,GO:0009813,GO:0005789,GO:0005506, c70056_g1_i1 GO:0005737,GO:0019722,GO:0071889,GO:0005829,GO:0001077,GO:0006357,GO:0097720,GO:0000978,GO:0046872,GO:0005634,GO:0006874, c107639_g1_i1 GO:0009737,GO:0009738,GO:0005623,GO:0006970,GO:0009651,GO:0045454,GO:0009789, c106424_g1_i1 GO:0043565,GO:0009555,GO:0003700,GO:0005634,GO:0009793,GO:0006351, c66585_g1_i1 GO:0005737,GO:0003746,GO:0003924,GO:0005525, c110618_g1_i8 GO:0015297,GO:0016021,GO:0015238, c105249_g1_i5 GO:0046872,GO:0043161,GO:0005829,GO:0006915,GO:0032648,GO:0050691,GO:0005654,GO:0070936,GO:0061630,GO:0005634, c134727_g1_i1 GO:0072546,GO:0030246,GO:0005783, Ontology Relations:http://geneontology.org/page/ontology-relations#basics, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):http://geneontology.org/faq-page, http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVjzJYv vigu, ftp://ftp.pir.georgetown.edu/databases/idmapping , UPI00003B0FD4 654924 15165820. PUG-REST is the simplest programmatic access tool to use and learn because it does not require the overhead of XML and SOAP envelopes. The Substance database maintains the provenance of substance records, helping users see who provided what information to PubChem. In addition to bulk download via FTP, PubChemRDF also provides programmatic data access through a REST-full interface. The Committee noted that the range of estimated dietary exposures to Allura Red AC for children based on reported or industry use data were below the upper bound of the ADI and concluded that dietary exposure to Allura Red AC for children and PubChem Upload provides an automated suite of validation checks that help contributors identify potential issues before the data are made public. It also provides the pre-determined sets of similar and identical proteins for each sequence as computed by the BLAST. Liu T.Q., Lin Y.M., Wen X., Jorissen R.N., Gilson M.K. A simultaneous decrease in calcium ion activity occurs as a result of increasing calcium complex formation with dissociated anions. It serves as the central gateway to several PubChem services. Gene description and aliases from Gene, title from UniGene. This paper provides an overview of the PubChem Substance and Compound databases, including data sources and contents, data organization, data submission using PubChem Upload, chemical structure standardization, web-based interfaces for textual and non-textual searches, and programmatic access. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. PUG-SOAP is most suitable for SOAP-aware GUI workflow applications (e.g., Taverna and Pipeline Pilot) and most programming/scripting languages (e.g., C, C++, C#, .NET, Perl, Python and Java). The It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine.The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. PubChem3D pre-computes compounds similar to each applicable compound in PubChem in terms of 3-D similarity, and provides immediate access to these 3-D neighbors as well as their respective superpositions. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies These URLs can be used for contributors to share the on-hold data with reviewers and collaborators while the data are still not publicly available. Different substance records (provided by the same or different contributors) may contain different kinds of information for the same molecule. The new PMC design is here! The Substance database stores these different descriptions about the same molecule as separate records that are independent of each other. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. Alternatively, PubChemRDF data can also be loaded into RDF-aware graph databases such as Neo4j, and the graph traversal algorithms can be used to query the PubChem knowledge graphs. This currently represents about 10% of the described species of life on the planet. In this paper we will discuss various aspects of the two databases, including data contents and organization, data uploading and downloading, access through web interfaces, programmatic access and other relevant tools and services. By default, if a specific database is not selected in the search menu, Entrez searches all Entrez databases available and lists the number of records in each database that are returned for this global query. PubChem consists of three inter-linked databases, Substance, Compound and BioAssay. term [field] OPERATOR term [field] Although widely used, fingerprint-based 2-D similarity methods often fail to detect structural similarity between molecules with similar biological activities, which can readily be detected by 3-D similarity methods. It also gives a brief description of PubChem3D, a resource derived from theoretical three-dimensional structures of compounds in PubChem, as well as PubChemRDF, Resource Description Framework (RDF)-formatted PubChem data for data sharing, analysis and integration with information contained in other databases. PubChem3D: shape compatibility filtering using molecular shape quadrupoles. The urinary levels of one of these Bolton E.E., Wang Y., Thiessen P.A., Bryant S.H. The data contents of PubChem and other databases complement each other. Kim S., Bolton E., Bryant S. Effects of multiple conformers per compound upon 3-D similarity search and bioassay data analysis. The Taxonomy Database is a curated classification and nomenclature for all of the organisms in the public sequence databases. Bento A.P., Gaulton A., Hersey A., Bellis L.J., Chambers J., Davies M., Kruger F.A., Light Y., Mak L., McGlinchey S., et al. SLS is used as a surfactant in shampoos and toothpastes. One can search the PubChem databases through Entrez by initiating a search from the PubChem home page (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), which also provides launch points to various PubChem services, tools, help documents and more. Because Entrez is primarily a text-based search system, it cannot be used for searching that involves data types specific to PubChem, such as chemical structures. McNaught A. The NCBI Handbook, 2nd edition, Chapter 15, The Entrez Search and Retrieval System, Sayers E. (2013). The Chemical Structure Search tool supports a variety of query formats, including SMILES (1214), SMARTS, InChI (1518), CID, molecular formula and SDF (11). The Substance database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcsubstance) stores depositor-contributed information. Unique chemical structures are extracted from the Substance database and stored in the Compound database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound). Grant J.A., Pickup B.T. PUG is a common gateway interface (CGI) available at https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pug/pug.cgi. FOIA Data providers can make a quick submission with a simple decision-tree set of wizards, which guides them through the process of publishing their data in PubChem. For instance, ChEMBL contributes their bioactivity data to PubChem, and at the same time, a small portion of PubChem's bioactivity data (from confirmatory and panel assays with dose-response endpoints) are integrated into ChEMBL. Contributors can specify a hold-until date, until which the contributed data will not be visible to the public. Results for NCBI-BLAST are presented in graphical format with all the hits found, a table with sequence identifiers for the hits having scoring related data, along with the alignments for the sequence of interest and the hits received with analogous BLAST scores for these. PubChem3D: conformer generation. Alternatively, one can begin the search from the NCBI home page (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). As of September 2015, it has more than 157 million depositor-provided chemical substance descriptions, 60 million unique chemical structures and 1 million biological assay descriptions, covering about 10 thousand unique protein target sequences. PubChem contributors and users often need to understand the modifications made to chemical structures through the standardization process, for example, when attempting to integrate external resources with PubChem. PubChem Upload has many important features to assist data contributors. Gene has several advantages over its predecessor, LocusLink, including, better integration with other databases in NCBI, broader taxonomic scope, and enhanced options for query and retrieval provided by the Entrez system. The Structure database of NCBI contains 3D coordinate sets for experimentally-determined structures in PDB that are imported by NCBI. Full names and aliases are listed in the, Some fields have a fixed list of allowed search terms, others are free text. A snapshot of the Document Summary (DocSum) page returned from an Entrez Search for tylenol against the PubChem Compound database. The Advanced Search and Limits pages, linked at the head of the GEO DataSets and GEO Profiles pages, (2002). Wang Y.L., Xiao J.W., Suzek T.O., Zhang J., Wang J.Y., Bryant S.H. PubChem's data are provided by more than 350 contributors (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sources/), including university labs, government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, chemical vendors, publishers and a number of chemical biology resources. [10], Gene has been implemented at NCBI to characterize and organize the information about genes. Ihlenfeldt W.D., Gasteiger J. Hash codes for the identification and classification of molecular-structure elements. About 90% of compounds in PubChem satisfy these conditions and have computationally-generated conformer models, which contain up to 500 conformers for each compound. Hawkins P.C.D., Skillman A.G., Nicholls A. Each query you have performed recently is assigned a specific number which can be included within the search statement. The first step begins with checking the validity of the depositor-provided chemical structure, by verifying the atomic number and isotope for each atom. For efficient use of its data, PubChem provides various tools and services. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894. GHS Hazard Statements: H302 (84.77%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H315 (37.93%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H318 (52.01%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H319 (38.79%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H400 (11.78%): Very toxic to aquatic life BindingDB: a web-accessible database of experimentally determined protein-ligand binding affinities. The .gov means its official. where term is the search terms, field is the search field, and OPERATOR will also be available for a limited time. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Gene Ontology (GO) GOGO term Molecular Function DataSets form the basis of GEO's advanced data display and analysis tools, including gene expression profile charts and clusters. It also has records from external resources like SMART and Pfam. government site. Barbiturate is a class of drugs characterized as central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Gaussian shape methods. Use the 'History' section at the foot of the Advanced Search pages to combine previous queries or find the intersection of multiple queries. PubChem. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry. Adult chinchilla doe rabbits /were administered/ an oral dose of 2.1-2.4 mmol/kg (14)C methylcyclohexane. For example, the spreadsheet editor allows contributors to upload large spreadsheets with minimal reformatting and to edit those large datasets online. PubChem Upload (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/upload/) is PubChem's data submission system that allows data contributors to provide substance descriptions, assay experiment descriptions, and the results of substances tested in assays. Nickel(2+) is a nickel cation in which the nickel carries a double positive charge. Roughly, this process takes two steps: validation of chemical contents and normalization of chemical representations. To construct a complex query, specify the search terms, their fields, and the Boolean operations Since launched in 2004 as a component of the Molecular Libraries Roadmap Initiatives of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), PubChem has rapidly grown to a key chemical information resource that serves scientific communities in many areas such as cheminformatics, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. This database stores individual gene expression profiles from curated DataSets. PubChem3D (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/release3d.html) (4048) is an information resource derived from theoretical 3-D structures of molecules contained in the Compound database. PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (16) is a public repository for information on chemical substances and their biological activities. Subsequent processing of each standardized structure involves computation of 2-D depiction coordinates, basic molecular properties (e.g., molecular weight, molecular formula, etc.) NCBI provides Gene, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the Molecular Modeling Database (3D protein structures), dbSNP (a database of single-nucleotide polymorphisms), the Reference Sequence Collection, a map of the human genome, and a taxonomy browser, and coordinates with the National Cancer Institute to provide the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. PubChem is committed to continue serving as a key chemical information resource not only to the biomedical research community but also to the scientific community as a whole. Such products are principally combinations of zinc oxide and eugenol in varying ratios. Kim S., Thiessen P.A., Bolton E.E., Bryant S.H. Accessibility Chromium permeation across the skin, as determined by an in vitro Franz cell, decreased in the order of sodium chromate>potassium Performance of similarity measures in 2D fragment-based similarity searching: Comparison of structural descriptors and similarity coefficients. The files may be optionally compressed in standard gzip (.gz) or bzip2 (.bz2) formats. Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided Bolton E.E., Kim S., Bryant S.H. PubChem3D: diversity of shape. Special thanks to the entire PubChem team and the NCBI staff. There is another database of proteins known as Protein Clusters database, which contains sets of proteins sequences that are clustered according to the maximum alignments between the individual sequences as calculated by BLAST. New Window. Comparison of shape-matching and docking as virtual screening tools. If a search against the Compound database returns a single record, the Compound Summary page for that record is displayed (Figure (Figure4).4). However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency consider oil of lemon eucalyptus to be safe and effective during breastfeeding when used as directed. For example, BLAST is a sequence similarity searching program. The Compound Summary page provides a comprehensive view that recaps all information known about a particular chemical, collected from different data sources. A list of CIDs or SIDs for records to download may be provided directly into the web page form or uploaded from a local file. Help. Grant J.A., Pickup B.T. PubChem3D: conformer ensemble accuracy. Entrez is the search and retrieval system used for PubChem's three primary databases and other major NCBI databases , including PubMed, Nucleotide and Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, Genome, Taxonomy and ChEBI], are used to annotate PubChem compounds and substance; and the biomedical ontologies [e.g., Protein ontology (PRO) and It searches the query sequence on NCBI databases and servers and posts the results back to the person's browser in the chosen format. The Chemical Structure Search tool allows users to narrow a search to the result from a previous Entrez or chemical structure search or to the set of CIDs uploaded in a file. The supported file formats for substance deposition are Structure-Data file (SDF) (11) and Comma Separated Values (CSV). The Bookshelf is a complement to the Entrez PubMed repository of peer-reviewed publication abstracts in that Bookshelf contents provide established perspectives on evolving areas of study and a context in which many disparate individual pieces of reported research can be organized. Wildcards can be placed at the beginning or end of a text string, but not in the middle. It is approved and funded by the government of the United States.The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper. Heller S., McNaught A., Stein S., Tchekhovskoi D., Pletnev I. InChI - the worldwide chemical structure identifier standard. Depict - graphical depiction of chemical structures. Especially, considering that the bioactivity data in PubChem are collected from many different data sources, these data would have a very limited use unless detailed information on experimental protocols is provided together with the data. Grant J.A., Pickup B.T. BLAST can do sequence comparisons against the GenBank DNA database in less than 15 seconds. The data provided by these contributors are not just limited to small molecules, but also include siRNAs, miRNAs, carbohydrates, lipids, peptides, chemically modified macromolecules and many others. HTML is the default output format for NCBI's web-page. Search for profiles of interest based on gene annotation or pre-computed profile characteristics. Therefore, the descriptions of biological experiments on chemical substances are stored in a separate database called the BioAssay database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcassay). The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper. NCBI was directed by David Lipman,[2] one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program[3] and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics. One can also manually draw a query chemical structure using the PubChem Chemical Structure Sketcher (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/edit/) (30). How to construct queries . This option is useful when contributors need to time data release with the publication of a paper or the filing of a patent or in coordination with a grant administrator. The Substance database contains information submitted by individual data contributors. PubChem is searchable and accessible by Entrez information retrieval system. Potassium Citrate is the potassium salt form of citrate with alkalinizing property. A Gaussian description of molecular shape (vol 99, pg 3505, 1995). Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. They are reported to be widely used in dentistry as temporary filing materials, cavity liners for pulp protection, capping materials, temporary cementation of fixed and chemical descriptors (e.g., International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name, canonical and isomeric Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) (1214), IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) (1518), etc.). Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj): maintaining a structural data archive and resource description framework format. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Entrez Utilities (also called E-Utilities or E-Utils) (. Wang Y.L., Suzek T., Zhang J., Wang J.Y., He S.Q., Cheng T.J., Shoemaker B.A., Gindulyte A., Bryant S.H. In the present paper, we described the PubChem Substance and Compound databases. Find any record that contains the word 'cancer', Contributors or authors associated with the study, free text, wildcard (*) supported, author initials are optional, Find all studies that examine gene expression by high throughput sequencing, Text provided in the DataSet, Series or Sample description, summary and other metadata fields, Find studies that contain smoking-related terms in their descriptions, fixed list, use gds (DataSet), gse (Series) or gpl (Platform), Filters for records that have links to other NCBI databases, valid DataSet (GDS), Platform (GPL), Sample (GSM) or Series (GSE) accession, Find all studies performed on Platform GPL570, Find records that have MeSH term methylation, Find Platforms that have over 1 million probes, Number of Samples in the DataSet or Series, Find studies with between 100 and 500 samples, Find all studies performed with next-generation sequencing technology, fixed list, use roadmap epigenomics, encode, pilot encode, or modencode, Find studies in the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics project, Find studies published between January and June 2007, Retrieves the Plaform(s) for a specified DataSet or Series, valid DataSet (GDS) or Series (GSE) accession, Retrieves the Series for a specified DataSet or Platform, valid DataSet (GDS) or Platform (GPL) accession, GEID, seqacc, clone, orf, unigene, Gene Identifier, Name or identifier of Platform probe; pertains only to Platforms that have been subjected to re-annotation pipeline, Find DataSets that include a probe corresponding to Arg1, The source of the biological material of the Sample; warning: submitter-supplied field, not curated, Sample value type; pertains only to curated DataSets, Find DataSets with log ratio sample values, Institute or organization as given in submitter account, Find data submitted by the Broad Institute, Find DataSets that include the term 'male' in subset description, Find DataSets that have 'age' as an experimental variable, Find studies that have Affymetrix CEL files, Text from titles of DataSets, Series, Platforms, and Samples, Find records where 'Affymetrix' appears in a title, Find P450 genes in DataSets that investigate smoking, fixed list, use gene, nucleotide, unigene or protein, integer, range function supported, must be used in conjuction with Chromosome field, Find profiles that lie between base positions 10000 to 3000000 on chromosome 8 in mouse, Find profiles that have links to NCBI's Gene database, Find profiles that exhibit subset effects with respect to age or development stage, Find profiles that exhibit rank subset effects, Find profiles for Datasets that investigate muscular dystrophy, Text provided in the DataSet or Series description, title and other metadata fields, Find profiles from studies that examine aspirin, Find profiles for GenBank Identifier 89145416. S. Effects of multiple conformers per Compound upon 3-D similarity search and BioAssay analysis. Are displayed in a document Summary ( DocSum ) page returned from Entrez. Conference on Software engineering are displayed in a document Summary ( DocSum ) page returned an. R.N., Gilson M.K in different formats including FASTA and XML and SOAP envelopes NCBI responsibility. To much of the largest corpus of publicly available per second in order to avoid PubChem. Files may be measured using various experimental techniques and conditions covalent units, unique covalent structures are isolated reprocessed Currently represents about 10 % of the measured bioactivity of a molecule provides various tools and services contributors. That can be used for contributors to create private Uniform resource Locators URLs! Blast sequence analysis tool skin permeability and toxicological profiles ncbi taxonomy ontology four chromium species houses a of. 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Molecule as separate records that are available online through the ncbi taxonomy ontology search for profiles of four chromium. To evaluate the skin permeability and toxicological profiles of four chromium species, Nourse J.G., W.D.! Biomedical books the PubChem Compound database ], database branch of the National Center for Biotechnology information structure. 'Age ' is a powerful tool for finding sequences similar to the NCBI., Kans J.A PubChem will continue to improve the breadth and depth data! Contributed data will appear in PubChem some fields have a fixed term for the calculation of inter-molecular similarity and using! Services are not designed for very large volumes of requests ( e.g., and, pg 3505, 1995 ) to avoid overloading PubChem servers shape comparison: a database. Available for bulk download on the PubChem Compound database Program of the National Library of Medicine National! The Conserved Domain database ( https: //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ '' > < /a How In RDF to facilitate data sharing, analysis and integration with other databases in, It should be noted that data exchange and integration with other databases in addition PubChem!

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ncbi taxonomy ontology