microalgae applications

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Hence phosphorus removal from wastewater is essential. Furthermore, microalgae contain essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by mammals [15, 17]. FOIA Appl Biochem Microbiol. For example, while its hydrolysis with -amylase produces mainly glucose and maltose (Peat et al., 1959a, b), its hydrolysis with -1,4-glucan lyase isolated from a red alga produces 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (Horton, 2012). Part II. (2012) used microalgal biomass waste accumulated during biodiesel processing to produce acetone, butanol and ethanol (Nannochloropsis sp., D. tertiolecta, Dunaliella salina, Galdieria partita, C. vulgaris, Cosmarium sp. 1.1. Pharmaceutics 12(5):480, Zhang H et al (2013) Diatom silica microparticles for sustained release and permeation enhancement following oral delivery of prednisone and mesalamine. International Conference on Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Biotechnologies scheduled on March 20-21, 2023 at New York, United States is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and university practitioners to present research activities that might want to attend events, meetings, seminars, congresses, workshops, summit, and symposiums. Mar Drugs 17(11):625, Talukdar J et al (2020) COVID-19: potential of microalgae derived natural astaxanthin as adjunctive supplement in alleviating cytokine storm. Foods. Recently, there has also been interest in the ability of microalgae biomass applications for biofuel production. diatomaceous earth(DE) particles modified with xerogel could prolong and control the release of DS so are suitable carriers for this drug [53]. Moreover, they are cultivated as a source of highly valuable molecules. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. leJSME 6(1):S24S37, Barkia I, Saari N, Manning SR (2019) Manning, microalgae for high-value products towards human health and nutrition. Although there are species of microalgae with high paramylon content and there is the possibility of generating glucose from its hydrolysis, to date there are no scientific studies using this carbohydrate to produce bioethanol. Biodiesel production from microalgae has been discussed extensively in the literature and an important alternative for the biomass is to use it in ethanol production (Chisti, 2007; Schenk et al et al., 2008). PLoS ONE 14(7):e0219305, Lpez Y, Soto SMJA (2020) The usefulness of microalgae compounds for preventing biofilm infections. Molecular Biology Reports Highlights. Important Note : All contributions to . Google Scholar, Vona D et al (2016) Diatoms biosilica as efficient drug-delivery system. used natural silica NPs derived from Coscinodiscus concinnus (diatom) for the delivery of streptomycin (hydrophilic drug), observing that the drug release efficiency time of the treated diatom was extended compared to the untreated diatoms. Saide A, Martnez KA, Ianora A, Lauritano C. Int J Mol Sci. Although starch is the primary substrate used for ethanol conversion, other polysaccharides have been explored as alternative feedstocks. Microalgae apps. Epub 2004 Aug 6. Biology (Basel). cholesterol, heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer) and are not just relying on prescription medications to treat or prevent these illnesses, but increasingly examining the link between their diet and health. In contrast, dilute acid saccharification requires high temperatures and pressures. Renewable energy has attracted significant interest in recent years as a result of sustainability, environmental impact, and socio-economic considerations. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Advances in microalgal research and engineering development. via phosphorylation. Galasso C, Gentile A, Orefice I, Ianora A, Bruno A, Noonan DM, Sansone C, Albini A, Brunet C. Nutrients. 2013); in this way, microalgae seem a truly viable feedstock for bioethanol production. volume48,pages 47574765 (2021)Cite this article. Abolhasani MH, Safavi M, Goodarzi MT, Kassaee SM, Azin M. Daru. Abstract The possibility of obtaining commercially valuable products from microalgae stimulates scientific research in this direction. (2013) observed an increase in the production of bioethanol when Scenedesmus abundans biomass was treated with cellulases after hydrolysis with H2SO4. PubMed Investigation of the effect of different phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, kinetin, 1-triacontanol, and abscisic acid) on biofuel production and growth of C. reinhardtii revealed significant potential for lowering the cost of commercial biofuels. Development of sustainable and green alternative bioenergy sources is a necessity due to the serious issues facing global energy. In addition to choosing the appropriate method, it is of paramount importance to choose the right fermenting organism. government site. Mar Drugs 17(9):491, Rigby S, Fairhead M, van der Walle C (2008) Engineering silica particles as oral drug delivery vehicles. Beta-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene are important carotenoids of microalgae. Acid-catalysed hydrolysis can be performed using dilute or concentrated acids. Ho S-HHuang S-WChen C-YHasunuma TKondo AChang J-S. Kalnenieks UPentjuss ARutkis RStalidzans EFell DA. One of these methods is through hydrolysis and fermentation of cellular starches by the alga itself, which is a process dependent on two biochemical pathways (the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and pentose phosphate pathways) that can only occur in dark and anaerobic conditions (Hirano et al., 1997; Ueno et al., 1998; Markou et al., 2012). 2022 Oct;12(10):260. doi: 10.1007/s13205-022-03327-8. Emerging prospects of macro- and microalgae as prebiotic. Live diatoms and DE are considered to be sources of silica NPs, while DE contains more quantities of frustules [37, 41]. Would you like email updates of new search results? The major factor determining algal productivity is the availability and uptake of CO2 for growth. Today, most monoclonal antibodies are produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and are highly costly and associated with the risk of contamination with human pathogens. SSRN. Overexpression of endogenous genes was carried out to maximize some native advantageous characteristics, such as tolerance to different inhibitors produced during lignocellulosic pretreatment (Yang et al., 2010). 2021 Aug;28(32):43234-43257. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14989-x. 2022 Jun 29;20(7):434. doi: 10.3390/md20070434. Microalgae have the ability to take up phosphorus, mainly orthophosphate as HPO 4 2 and H 2 PO 4 , and utilise it as an essential macro nutrient in the synthesis of various compounds such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and proteins, etc. Biomaterials 34(36):92109219, Rea I et al (2014) Diatomite biosilica nanocarriers for siRNA transport inside cancer cells. as a suitable source of lipids for potential use as biofuel and sustainable wastewater treatment, Microalgal carbohydrates: an overview of the factors influencing carbohydrates production, and of main bioconversion technologies for production of biofuels, Optimal engineered algae composition for the integrated simultaneous production of bioethanol and biodiesel, Effects of nitrate and phosphate availabilities on growth, photosynthesis and pigment and protein contents in colour strains of, Regulation of the induction of bicarbonate uptake by dissolved CO, Recent progresses on the genetic basis of the regulation of CO2 acquisition systems in response to CO2 concentration, Photosynthesis-to-fuels: from sunlight to hydrogen, isoprene, and botryococcene production, Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) with small chlorophyll antenna sizes exhibit higher photosynthetic productivities and photon use efficiencies than normally pigmented cells, Influence of temperature, light and nutrients on the growth rates of the macroalga Gracilaria domingensis in synthetic seawater using experimental design, Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil, Bioethanol production from Scenedesmus obliquus sugars: the influence of photobioreactors and culture conditions on biomass production, Luminescent photobioreactor design for improved algal growth and photosynthetic pigment production through spectral conversion of light, Bioethanol production from agave leaves using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 173) and Zymomonas mobilis (MTCC 2427), International Journal of Microbiological Research, Production of carbohydrates by the marine diatom C. affinis var. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Although the aim was the production of oil rather than bioethanol, these results show the possibility of generating glucose from chrysolaminarin, an interesting finding as microalgae with high contents of this polysaccharide exist. eCollection 2022. Unlocking the Health Potential of Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules. produced a nasal spray containing zanamivir (antiviral drug), and carrageenan was reported to exert synergistic effects on the influenza virus [34]. Nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can also change the growth rate (Li et al., 2008; Martins et al., 2011; Mendes et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2013a, b; Wu et al., 2013). Google Scholar, Rasoul-Amini S et al (2010) Characterization of hydrocortisone bioconversion and 16S RNA gene in Synechococcus nidulans cultures. Modifications could alter and improve the properties of diatomaceous earth (Diatomite; DE); for instance, the oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate copolymers on diatom microcapsules render these agents stimulus-responsive carriers for the delivery of levofloxacin, which is an antibiotic used against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [45]. (2013) cultivated Chlorella variabilis under nitrogen-limited conditions to increase its starch content. In addition, these photosynthetic marine microorganisms have several applications in biotechnology and are suitable hosts for the production of recombinant proteins/peptides, such as monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Nonetheless, these advantages are not sufficient to overcome disadvantages such as reaction time and the lack of an economically feasible alternative for recycling the acid (Demirba, 2005). Some of these polysaccharides can be hydrolysed through chemical and/or enzymatic processes to yield monosaccharides, which can then be fermented to produce bioethanol (Darzins et al., 2010). Additionally, naphthyl-3-acetic acid stimulated higher growth in C. sorokiniana when compared with controls (Hunt et al., 2011). These include the bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Zymomonas mobilis (Balat et al., 2008), Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, and Clostridium thermocellum, as well as the fungi Saccharomyces bayanus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae, Pachysolen tannophilus, Mucor indicus, and Chalara parvispora (Oncel, 2013). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are the most important -3 fatty acids in microalgae, which largely benefit the development of the eyes and brain in infants, while also contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, blood coagulation, nervous system functions, and blood pressure maintenance in adults. This drug drawback is short biological half-life and high metabolize rate in the liver, so it should be administered frequently. Microalgae are an ideal host for the production of recombinant proteins given their unique properties, such as the rapid growth rate and simple and low-cost media, while their post-translational modifications are rather similar to mammalian cells as opposed to bacterial cells [19]. This group demonstrated that in situ enzymes from diatoms degrade their storage polysaccharides with a maximum yield of 110mg glucose g1 dry algae and up to 75% conversion. 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Application of auxins to C. pyrenoidosa increased the chlorophyll and aldohexose content, as well as the growth rate (Piotrowska et al., 2008). High-value products have been derived from microalgae with numerous health and pharmaceutical applications. Unlike S. cerevisiae, Z. mobilis utilizes a facilitated diffusion system, which enables a rapid uptake of glucose and fructose (Kalnenieks et al., 2014). used Amphora subtropica functionalized with chitosan for the delivery of DOX, reporting the improvement of drug delivery to cancer cells. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Today, cancer is considered to be a leading cause of death across the world [11]. For instance, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp. Furthermore, they have potential uses as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-allergy agents; therefore, they play a key role in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Concentrated acid saccharification utilizes mild temperatures and minimal pressure, created by pumping the materials from vessel to vessel (Balat et al., 2008). Microalgae can excrete ethanol directly through their cell walls, as shown for several organisms, including Chlorococcum littorale, Oscillatoria limosa, Cyanothece sp. This can be accomplished by either chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. Although biodiesel and biohydrogen are considered the best alternatives to fossil fuels, the most widely used biofuel in countries around the world is bioethanol, which can be produced by supplies of carbohydrate biomass (Chiaramonti, 2007; Soetaert and Vandamme, 2009). Techno-economic assessment of an integrated biorefinery from microalgae Xia et al. Microalgae have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. FOIA Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the most popular microalgae in pharmaceutical biotechnology. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1(1):S1S7, Miceli M et al (2019) Monoacylglycerides from the diatom skeletonema marinoi induce selective cell death in cancer cells. The Protein content is high. Raceway ponds and photobioreactor technologies have been applied in microalgae wastewater treatment, including brewery wastewater. can grow in sewage waters, and because this organism can produce a large quantity of lipids, it can be used for concurrent water treatment and biodiesel production (Mahapatra et al., 2013; Ramachandra et al., 2013). However, consistent applications exist only in the dairy industry and aquaculture. Two codon-optimized genes for the mannitol biosynthesis pathway, one each from E. coli and Eimeria tenella, were introduced into the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Using synthetic NPs for the delivery of anticancer drugs is an important approach to the improvement of chemotherapy effectiveness. Although several microorganisms, including Clostridium sp. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Nutr. It is an unusual facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium that utilizes a very efficient ethanol fermentation pathway (Kalnenieks et al., 2014). It is important to implement genetic manipulation that produces a high growth rate when developing microorganisms for biofuel. Appl Biochem Microbiol 46(2):191197, Ghasemi Y et al (2008) Characterization of hydrocortisone biometabolites and 18S rRNA gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures. Previous work has demonstrated that bioethanol can be employed to replace gasoline, octane enhancers, and aromatic hydrocarbons, and has the advantage of being compatible with current infrastructure (Champagne, 2008; Yue et al., 2013b). government site. However, scale up remains a major challenge before commercial competitiveness is attained. inserted the gene of HPV16 E7 protein into the genome of C. reinhardtii chloroplast, which expressed E7GGG protein for therapeutic vaccines. In addition, streptomycin was adsorbed inside the pores and into the hallow diatom structure due to surface adsorption [50]. -, Lum K.K., Kim J., Lei X.G. Epub 2008 Sep 6. In addition, this paper offers prospects for improving the valorization of microalgae residues by integrating anaerobic digestion and agronomic application of microalgae in an innovative eco-friendly biorefinery in cascade. Careers. Life (Basel). Pharmaceutical and cosmetic chemistry, food and nutraceutics. Cancer is the cause of 171.2 of 100,000 deaths each year. Microalgae: therapeutic potentials and applications. The use of amylases can increase the yield of fermentable sugars; for example, Lee et al. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Antioxidants (Basel). Mar Drugs 9(6):10561100, Deniz I, Garca-Vaquero M, Imamoglu E (2017) Trends in red biotechnology: microalgae for pharmaceutical applications. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. [Probiotics--possibilities and limitations of their application in food, animal feed, and in pharmaceutical preparations for men and animals]. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Mater Sci Eng C 94:5664, Janiijevi J et al (2015) Modified local diatomite as potential functional drug carrierA model study for diclofenac sodium. Other advantages in utilizing microalgae as a bioethanol feedstock include their high capacity for CO2 capture, large quantities of synthesized carbohydrates, and (in some organisms) great tolerance to differences in abiotic factors (Subhadra and Edwards, 2010). The primary advantages of SHF are that it provides optimal conditions for both hydrolysis and fermentation (given that those processes occur in different tanks), and it requires less expensive chemicals, shorter residence time, and less complex equipment (Nguyen et al., 2009). Most microalgae grow through photosynthesis - by converting sunlight, CO2 and [] Adv Healthcare Mater 5(20):26672678, Khalifa SA et al (2019) Marine natural products: a source of novel anticancer drugs. Dual potential of microalgae as a sustainable biofuel feedstock and animal feed. Int J Mol Sci 17(6):962, PubMed Central Furthermore, Peat et al. Brnyikov et al. Microalgae biorefinery is an efficient process for producing various integrated products for vast industrial, agricultural, and household applications. 2022 Aug 17;12(16):2100. doi: 10.3390/ani12162100. Although the EPS from microalgae have many potential applications, their low yield is one of the major limitations for scale-up in industry. 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PubMed Central PubMed Chemical hydrolysis methods are rapid, and the reagents used (mostly inorganic acids) are cheaper than enzymes. The groups of algae that contain cellulose in their cell walls are Chlorophyta, Dinophyta, Phaeophyta, Prymnesiophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Xanthophyceae (Lee, 2008). Carbohydrates in the form of starch, sugars and glucose are present. Recently, special attention has been paid to marine origin compounds such as carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, and carotenoids, which are extracted from microalgae and have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial (e.g., anti-COVID-19 activity), and antioxidant properties in biomedicine and pharmaceutical biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06422-w, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06422-w. Among these are factors specifically related to the reaction medium, including type of acid used, concentration of acid, pH, and acid strength (Fengel and Wegener, 1989). 2022 Jun 29;20(7):434. doi: 10.3390/md20070434. In the mentioned study, surface functionalization was reported to be an effective measure for drug loading on diatoms, and ophiobolin A release was observed to be extended [13, 51]. Int J Pharm 443(12):230241, Vasani R et al (2015) Fabrication of stimulus-responsive diatom biosilica microcapsules for antibiotic drug delivery. Investigations into the influence of salicylic acid on growth and changes in nucleic acid and protein expression, and pigments and sugar contents in C. vulgaris, were also performed, revealing an increase in number of cells (40%) and protein content (60%) (Czerpak et al., 2002). Microalgae apps. Crit. Springer, Singapore, pp 229237, Park IY et al (2008) Mannosylated polyethylenimine coupled mesoporous silica nanoparticles for receptor-mediated gene delivery. Sucrose production from Synechococcus elongatus, a cyanobacterium expressing a proton and sucrose symporter (cscB), reached 80% of the organism's total biomass. Mutants of C. reinhardtii that contain defects in the regulatory subunit of AGPase (Ball et al., 1991) and in the catalytic subunit (Zabawinski et al., 2001) were able to accumulate restricted or undetectable amounts of starch, respectively. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Phycocyanin is also a pigment obtained from spirulina and an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase with anti-inflammatory activity. Would you like email updates of new search results? This method is also more environmentally friendly, considering that the acid is not always easy or inexpensive to recycle (Demirba, 2005). used the gassolid displacement method for the conversion of frustules into SiNPs, while also using SiNPs loaded with DOX for cancer therapy.

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microalgae applications