climate change northeast

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 320 pp. The adaptive capacity of marine ecosystems and coastal communities will influence ecological and socioeconomic outcomes as climate risks increase. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, various pp. Zeigler, S. L., E. R. Thieler, B. T. Gutierrez, N. G. Plant, M. Hines, J. D. Fraser, D. H. Catlin, and S. M. Karpanty, 2017: Smartphone technologies and Bayesian networks to assess shorebird habitat selection. Some figures and images are copyright protected. This seems to present itself as a potential future research opportunity for tribal engagement and collaborations in the Northeast (Ch. Sixty-four million people live in the Northeast, densely clustered in some of the most populated metropolitan areas of the United States, including New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and Boston. Sweet, W. V., and J. J. Marra, 2016: 2015 State of U.S. Nuisance Tidal Flooding. In coastal areas, partnerships among local communities and federal and state agencies leverage federal adaptation tools and decision support frameworks (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations [NOAA] Digital Coast, the U.S. Geological Surveys [USGS] Coastal Change Hazards Portal, New Jerseys Getting to Resilience). Wellenius, G. A., M. N. Eliot, K. F. Bush, D. Holt, R. A. Lincoln, A. E. Smith, and J. The region has a temperate monsoon climate, with an annual accumulated temperature above zero of 2,500-4,000C day and an annual precipitation of 400-1,000 mm ( Chen et al., 2011 ). causes of more extreme precipitation in the Northeast, Study projects a dramatic increase in annual high-heat days in the U.S. Northeast by the century's end, Genetic analysis of Neolithic people from Mesopotamia shows blend of demographics, Study unveils the compositions and origins of global airborne bacteria on Earth, New radio-loud high-redshift quasar discovered, Using molecular isomerization in polymer gels to hide passcodes, The direct measurement of a proton's generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime. These shifts have impacted marine fisheries and prompted industry adaptations to changes.155,176,200, Research also shows that sea level rise has been12,46,205,206 and will be higher in the Northeast with respect to the rest of the United States12,249,250,251 due largely to vertical land movement,207,208,209 varying atmospheric shifts and ocean dynamics,210,211,212,213,215,252 and ice mass loss from the polar regions.214 High tide flooding has increased216,402 and will continue to increase,403 and storm surges due to stronger and more frequent hurricanes50,254,255 have been and will be amplified by sea level rise.217,220,221,289 Climate-related coastal impacts on the landscape include greater potential for coastal flooding, erosion, overwash, barrier island breaching and disaggregation, and marsh conversion to open water,12,216,223,226,256,257,258,259,263,279,404 which will directly affect the ability of ecosystems to sustain many of the services they provide. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 26 pp. In addition, climate change's . 2015, Le Bris et al. FitzGerald, D. M., M. S. Fenster, B. Projected increases in coastal flooding, heavy precipitation, runoff, and extreme heat would have negative impacts on urban centers with disproportionate effects on at-risk communities. Barbier, E. B., S. D. Hacker, C. Kennedy, E. W. Koch, A. C. Stier, and B. R. Silliman, 2011: The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. The concurrent USGCRP Call for Public Nominations also solicited scientists to serve as chapter leads. Wide disparities in adaptive capacity exist among communities in the region. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. Hay, C. C., E. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, and J. X. Mitrovica, 2015: Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea-level rise. For example, power plants in New York City tend to be located along the coastline for easy access to water for cooling and maritime-delivered fuel and are often located within about 16 feet (5 m) of sea level.59 This is not unusual, as there are many power plants and petroleum storage facilities located along the Northeast coastline.291. USGC Circular 1405. A., C. F. Gaitn, C. A. For example, a slowdown of the Gulf Stream during a shorter period of extreme sea level rise observed over 20092010 has been linked to a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulationthe northward flow of upper-level warm, salty waters in the Atlantic (including the Gulf Stream current) and the southward flow of colder, deeper waters.215 These higher-than-average rates of sea level rise measured in the Northeast have also led to a 100%200% increase in high tide flooding in some places, causing more persistent and frequent (so-called nuisance flooding) impacts over the last few decades.44,47,216,217. Actions to replace and/or significantly modify the Northeasts aging infrastructure provide opportunities to incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience into standard capital upgrades, reducing these future costs. Regional efforts have recommended changes in design standards when building, replacing, or retrofitting infrastructure to account for a changing climate. Uncertainty remains in projections of the magnitude of future changes in particulate matter, humidity, and wildfires and how these changes may influence health risks. Download scientific diagram | Effects of future urban expansion on average annual temperature in the Northeast megalopolis, USA (unit: C). In order for ski resorts to remain viable in the Northeast, the average length of the ski season should be at least 100 days, nights must be cold enough to allow for artificial snowmaking, and there must usually be snow during winter holidays when winter tourism is high. 4th edition. Berkes, F., 2009: Indigenous ways of knowing and the study of environmental change. EPA 833-R-04-001. 201839,40,191). Wood, A. Guerry, M. Ruckelshaus, P. Kareiva, M. Lacayo, and J. M. Silver, 2013: Coastal habitats shield people and property from sea-level rise and storms. A. Nye, K. E. Mills, M. A. Alexander, N. R. Record, R. Weatherbee, and M. Elisabeth Henderson, 2017: Seasonal trends and phenology shifts in sea surface temperature on the North American northeastern continental shelf. Karegar, M. A., T. H. Dixon, and S. E. Engelhart, 2016: Subsidence along the Atlantic Coast of North America: Insights from GPS and late Holocene relative sea level data. For example, a bacterial shell disease that infects lobsters is currently limited by low water temperatures in the northern portion of the Northeast. Although nearly 70% of the Northeast coast has some physical ability to dynamically change,13 an estimated 88% of the Northeast population lives on developed coastal landforms that have limited ability to naturally adapt to sea level rise.260 Built infrastructure along the coast, such as seawalls, bulkheads, and revetments, as well as natural barriers, such as coastal bluffs, limits landward erosion; jetties and groins interrupt alongshore sediment supply; and culverts and dams create tidal restrictions that can limit habitat suitability for fish communities (see Figure 18.7).261 An estimated 26% of open ocean coast from Maine to Virginia contains engineering structures.262 While these structures can help mitigate hazards to people and property, they also reduce the land area for ecosystem migration, as well as the adaptive capacity of natural coastal environments.43,227,263,264 The ability of marshes in the region to respond to sea level-induced change varies by location, with some areas increasing in elevation, experiencing vegetation shifts, and/or expanding in extent while others are not.265,266,267,268,269,270,271 Forest diebacks, or ghost forests, due to wetland encroachment70,272 are being observed in southern New Jersey and Maryland (Figure 18.8), although one study found that southern New England forests are not showing similar signs of dieback.273, Projected changes in climate will threaten the integrity of coastal landforms and ecosystems that provide services people and animals rely on and that act as important natural buffers to hazards. Urban areas are at risk for large numbers of evacuated and displaced populations and damaged infrastructure due to both extreme precipitation events and recurrent flooding, potentially requiring significant emergency response efforts and consideration of a long-term commitment to rebuilding and adaptation, and/or support for relocation where needed. 11: Urban). Lentz, E. E., S. R. Stippa, E. R. Thieler, N. G. Plant, D. B. Gesch, and R. M. Horton, 2015: Evaluating Coastal Landscape Response to Sea-Level Rise in the Northeastern United StatesApproach and Methods. USGS Open-File Report 2015-1154. The preceding text is excerpted and abridged from the report Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment (Chapter 16: Northeast) and the Fourth National Climate Assessment (Chapter 18: Northeast). Mcleod, E., G. L. Chmura, S. Bouillon, R. Salm, M. Bjrk, C. M. Duarte, C. E. Lovelock, W. H. Schlesinger, and B. R. Silliman, 2011: A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Jiang, C., K. S. Shaw, C. R. Upperman, D. Blythe, C. Mitchell, R. Murtugudde, A. R. Sapkota, and A. Sapkota, 2015: Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability. Fisheries targeting species at the southern extent of their range have already experienced substantial declines in landings with rising ocean temperatures,170,173,198,199,200 and this pattern is projected to continue in the future (e.g., Cooley et al. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC. Damp indoor conditions and mold are both known to be associated with respiratory illnesses including asthma symptoms and wheezing.331 When damp conditions occur in buildings, rapid action could be warrantedremediation in a northeastern office building after the development of respiratory or severe non-respiratory symptoms by building inhabitants was not effective in reducing symptoms.332, The risk posed by vector-borne diseases (those transmitted by disease-carriers such as fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes) such as Lyme disease and West Nile virus under a changing climate is also of concern in the Northeast region. 13-07. City Council, PIttsburgh, PA. Clay, P. M., and J. Olson, 2008: Defining fishing communities: Vulnerability and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. Seasonal drought risk in summer and fall is also projected to increase over the next century due to warming temperatures and earlier snowmelt. The trends are altering both the ecosystems and mainland and island communities of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Poor surface and road conditions or washout have the potential to limit future logging operations, which need frozen or snow-covered soils to meet environmental requirements for winter operations.70,88 Maple syrup production is linked to climate through potential shifts in sugar maple habitat,89 tapping season timing and duration,90,91 and the quality of both the trees and sap.92,93 Climate change is making sugar maple tapping more challenging by increasing variability within and between seasons. A., R. Wanninkhof, W.-J. It is likely that under higher scenarios, sea level rise will significantly alter the coastal landscape, and rising temperatures and acidification will affect marine populations and fisheries. In recent years the Northeast has experienced large increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rains, more . The climate of North East India is changing: Rainfall patterns over the region in the last century have considerably changed, resulting in its overall drying up. Sea level rise and more frequent heavy rains are expected to increase flooding and storm surge, threatening infrastructure. Fogarty, M., L. Incze, K. Hayhoe, D. Mountain, and J. Manning, 2008: Potential climate change impacts on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off the northeastern USA. Kopp, R. E., A. For example, when an oyster hatchery in Maine experienced low survival rates of larval oysters following exposure to low pH water during large runoff events, it collaborated with scientists to develop systems to monitor and control carbonate conditions in the facility (Ch. Climate. Barbier, E. B., 2012: Progress and challenges in valuing coastal and marine ecosystem services. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-RI. Introducing the theme of the conference, 'Climate Change in North East India and Care for God's Creation . 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climate change northeast